Health Risks and Welfare Transformation in Indonesia's Free Nutritious Meal Program: A One Health Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65638/2978-882X.2025.01.07Keywords:
Food safety, Foodborne diseases, One health, Free nutritious meals, Indonesia, Intersectoral collaboration, Nutritional wellbeing, Community health wellbeingAbstract
Indonesia's Free Nutritious Meals Program (Makan Bergizi Gratis/MBG) targets 82.9 million beneficiaries at a cost of Rp 420 trillion to address stunting, which currently affects 21.6% of children. This study analyzes hidden health threats through a One Health lens, identifies surveillance system gaps, and formulates evidence-based recommendations. An integrative review compiled data from the National Monitoring System, poisoning incident reports, laboratory results, and institutional audits using a One Health framework integrating human, animal, and environmental health dimensions. The analysis revealed 340 food poisoning incidents affecting 11,390 students in 28 provinces (January–November 2025), with Bacillus cereus (34%), Staphylococcus aureus (28%), and Salmonella spp. (18%) as primary pathogens. In 42% of the locations, 42% of the audits failed technical specifications, 63% exposed food to dangerous temperatures, and 52% lacked adequate storage. Fragmented authority creates supervision gaps, whereas inadequate surveillance increases foodborne disease vulnerability. The program faces systemic food safety challenges that threaten health benefits. Urgent transformation requires technology-based integrated surveillance, strict standardization for vulnerable populations, increased supervisor ratios, cold chain infrastructure investment, and One Health coordination committee establishment for multisectoral collaboration, ensuring program sustainability without creating new health burdens.
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Copyright (c) 2025 I Made Dwi Mertha Adnyana, Niken Irfa Nastiti, Annissa Delfira, Zahra Frizki Asty, Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto, Dewa Gede Edi Praditha, M. Berri Ridhoka, Kadek Darmawan, Askarullah Hilmi Al Fathi (Author)
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